Thursday, February 28, 2013

What does glucose excursion mean in this context within

What does glucose excursion mean in this context within?
Postprandial by the way means after a meal. Background: Postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) excursion is a significant determinant of overall metabolic control as well as an increased risk for diabetic complications. Older persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are more likely to have moderate cognitive deficits and neurophysiologic and structural changes in brain tissue. Considering that poor metabolic control is considered a deranging factor for tissue/organ damage in diabetics, the authors hypothesized that PPG excursion is associated with a decline in cognitive functioning and that a tighter control of PPG may prevent cognitive decline. 1st answerer that didn't help at all...I just want a CLEAR definition of what it means, I've already looked on google and can't find the meaning.
Diabetes - 3 Answers
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1 :
I can't answer you either - I just wanted to pass on to you that posters like the first one that answered you are "spammers" and they post their crap using key words in the questions to trigger an answer.
2 :
In the real world it's called glucose intolerance. I love that flowery descriptive amorphous petulance. The would probably call diabetes as a glucose exuberance.
3 :
postprandial glucose excursions (PPGEs) is the change in glucose concentration after a meal and the incremental glucose area the incremental glucose area is the area under the glucose curve that is above the premeal (or preĆ¢€“ oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]) value http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/reprint/24/4/775.pdf So I believe it is the rate of removal of glucose from the blood, and it is similiar to the idea of the glycemic index.






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Sunday, February 24, 2013

Need help with Anatomy and Physiology Case Study (Urinary Physiology)

Need help with Anatomy and Physiology Case Study (Urinary Physiology)?
Urinary Physiology A 26-year-old with diabetes mellitus has developed renal failure. While waiting for a kidney transplant, he is on maintenance hemodialysis eight to ten hours three times each week. He is on a diet restricted in sodium (500 mg/day), potassium (2.6 g/day), and protein as well as his usual diabetic diet. He has a shunt in his right wrist to allow for easy hookup to the dialysis machine. Prior to hemodialysis, his representative blood values are the following: Serum sodium 120 mEq/L Serum potassium 6.4 mEq/L Serum chloride 102 mEq/L Serum creatinine 16 mg/dL Hematocrit 24% The dialysis fluid in the kidney dialysis machine contains the following: Sodium 134 mEq/L Potassium 2.6 mEq/L Calcium 2.5 mEq/L Magnesium 1.5 mEq/L Chloride 104 mEq/L Sodium acetate 36.6 mEq/L Anhydrous dextrose 2 g/L Questions: 1. What is hemodialysis? 2. Following eight to ten hours of hemodialysis, do you think the following blood values would be increased, decreased, or remain the same? Explain your reasoning. Serum sodium Serum potassium Serum chloride Serum creatinine Hematocrit 3. Why does anemia usually develop with maintenance dialysis? 4. Why is hemodialysis required every two to three days for eight to ten hours/day for individuals with complete renal failure? (Flow rate of blood through the dialyzer is 150-300 mL/min.) 5. Differentiate between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
Biology - 1 Answers
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1 :
This is too complex to give you the answer here. But, here is a link that will provide you with every answer for the question you asked: http://www.kidneyschool.org/






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Wednesday, February 20, 2013

Density Math Questions

Density Math Questions?
I was giving a sheet with about 15 questions on it about Density but can't figure out how to get these last three questions. Can someone please answer these to help and tell me how they got it so I understand how to do them? 15 points to whoever helps me! 5. In an old trunk, you find a piece of metal that you think may be aluminum, silver or lead. In lab you find it has a mass of 217g and a volume of 19.2cm. What is the metal you have found? 7. Suppose you have two 100ml graduated cylinders. In each cylinder there are 40ml of water. You also have two cubes: one is lead and the other is aluminum. Each cube measure 2.0 on each side. After you carefully lower each into the water its own cylinder what will the new water level be in each cylinder? 8. What is the density of each of the following sample? a. A medication, if 3.00ml has a mass of 3.85g b. The Fluid in a car battery, if it has a volume of 125ml and mass of 155g c. A 5.00ml urine sample from a patient suffering from symptoms resembling those of diabetes mellitus. The mass of the urine sample is 5.025g I got Lead for number 5, I wasn't sure if it was correct though.
Chemistry - 2 Answers
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Number 5 is lead.
2 :
5) you are correct, 217/19.2 is 11.3, the density of lead 7) If each cube is 2cm on each side, they will each displace 8mL or 8 cm^3 (you take 2x2x2 to get the volume) and the new volume will be 48mL. They will both sink and displace the same amount of water despite the difference in their mass. 8) 3.85/3.00= density of med. units are g/cm^3 b) 155/125= c)5.025/5= you should remember that 1 mL and 1 cm^3 are the same size, its just people tend to use mL for liquid, and cm^3 for solids and in the unit for density which is g/cm^3






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Saturday, February 16, 2013

What is a "Plasma pool"

What is a "Plasma pool"?
I recently did a lab where we were using spectrophotometers to determine the glucose concentration of two patient plasma samples, to determine whether or not they had Diabetes Mellitus. We were reacting the samples with Glucose Oxidase and Peroxidase which produces a pink-red colour and then using the spectrophotometer to find their absorbance. First we had to use known concentrations of glucose to gain absorbances to produce a calibration curve. Then we were instructed to do 10 replicates of a "Plasma Pool" sample, and find their concentrations - but I don't know what this is for! I know I need to work out the average glucose concentration, the standard deviation, and then the coefficient of variation of the Plasma Pool samples. And I have to write about the accuracy/precision of the procedure, so I assume that is the point of the Plasma Pool samples - to test the accuracy. But what is "Plasma Pool" itself?? Also, if anyone knows about the Glucose Oxidase test itself I just want to check - the deeper the colour, the more glucose there is? Is that right? If anyone can help it would be greatly appreciated! Thank you!
Biology - 1 Answers
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1 :
Pooled plasma is plasma from multiple individuals. It is often used as a reference standard and assayed using a "gold standard" test. Glucose oxidase produces hydrogen peroxide which can be used to develop color in a variety of reagents. Not knowing what color reagent or protocol you are using, all I can say is that a deeper color should indicate more reaction.






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Tuesday, February 12, 2013

Would you legalize Marijuana for Industrial and Medical use

Would you legalize Marijuana for Industrial and Medical use?
Industrial use = Fuel, Food, Product, etc. (The portion of the products that can be made by hemp number over 2,500) Medical use = Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Diabetes mellitus, Dystonia, Fibromyalgia, Gastrointestinal disorders, Gliomas, Hepatitis C, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hypertension, Incontinence, Multiple sclerosis, Osteoporosis, Pruritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sleep apnea, Tourette's syndrome, etc. (Note: These are some the the diseases and viruses who's symptomes can be treated.) Annual American deaths caused by smoking marijuana. 0
Alternative Medicine - 11 Answers
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1 :
I would hope that the public could be convinced this is a good idea. The war on drugs is a bigger failure than the mes-0-potamia boondoggle.
2 :
As a cancer patient... YES Beyond that... the fda and gov both recognize the medicinal properties of thc as they have made a synthetic thc perscription that costs 10 times what real marijuana costs. Its called marinol. http://www.marinol.com The fight against legal medicinal use is that most people honestly believe it was made illegal based on medical and scientific proof that it was bad bad bad. When it wasnt. Its a cop out argument, but even cocain and lsd and heroin can be given medicinally, but not marijuana? It is not chemically addictive, unlike the meds currently legal such as morphine, oxy, ativan, xanax, other benzodiazapines, steroids, ect. It is a fraction of the cost of those other meds. And me personally like to actually know whats going on instead of being so drugged that I have weeks that I dont remember (not because of abuse, that is from doc ordered doses while in the hospital of morphine and ativan. literally, weeks that I dont remember)
3 :
Yes. Hemp, if it were used industrially, would be very, very good for our economy. It also has heaps of medically uses (as you've listed), and is actually much, much better for your overall health than the abovetheinfluence propaganda would like you to think.
4 :
Yeah for all uses including recreational. It is a hell of alot safer than alcohol or tabacco the only reason the government doesnt legalize it is because it would crush the black market which the government is a part of.
5 :
I would just ignore the stupid laws, if everyone had one plant growing it would render the law unworkable.
6 :
Of course!!!! My mom use to work in housekeeping at a hospital, and she told us that the cancer patients are given marijiana cigaretts to relax them and to help patients eat.
7 :
Yeah, should definitely be legalised. It's a lot better than alcohol, alcohol is used in cough syrups etc, but alone it has no medical use. It is actually a depressant.
8 :
yes I would legalize marijuana for medical purpose's.
9 :
Yes.
10 :
of course so write your congress men and woman
11 :
yeah for sure.... i smoke every day and here in california we already have it legal for industrial and medical use. The only reason the government hasn't allowed it is because they dont know how to tax it.






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Friday, February 8, 2013

Anatomy questions

anatomy questions????????
The lowest blood concentration of nitrogenous waste occurs in the a. hepatic vein b. inferior vena cave c. renal artery d. renal vein The glomerular cappillaries differ from other capillary networks in the body because they a. have a larger area of anastomosis b. are derived from and drain into arterioles c. are not made of endothelium d. are sites of filtrate formation Glucose is not normally found in the urine because it a. does not pass through the walls of the glomerulus b. is kept in the blood by colloid osmotic pressure c.is reabsorbed by the tubule cells d. is removed by the body cells before the blood reaches the kidney Tubular reabsorption a. of glucose and many other substances is a T-limited active transport process b. of chloride is always linked to the passive transport of Na c. is the movement of substances from the blood into the nephron d. of sodium occurs only in teh proximal tubule Conditions such as diabetes mellitus, starvation, and low-carboyhydrate diets are closely linked to a. ketonuria b.pyuria c. albuminuria d. hematuria
Biology - 3 Answers
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they're hard understanding!
2 :
I agree with ur other answer but I cant figure out how many times I need to answer ur question with all the ?????????????????????????
3 :
D renal vein: Nitrogen is excreted in the urine so it is filtered out at the kidneys. The renal vein should therefore have the lowest because it is the blood coming back from having the N-waste excreted. B are derived from and drain into arterioles: All other capillary beds begin from arterioles, then progress into venules. These are the only ones that progress into arterioles. C is removed by the tubule cells Removed in the proximal convoluted tubule. Probably A(?): a = I'm not sure what t-limited is b= Water is always linked to Na+, not Cl- c= It's the movement of fluids FROM the nephron back TO the blood, not the other way around. That is describing filtration. d= Sodium is reabsorbed MOSTLY in the proximal tubule, but also in the Loop of Henle, Distal Tubule, and Collecting Duct A Ketonuria: excretion of ketone bodies in the urine






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Monday, February 4, 2013

Can anyone tell me or give me an idea of just how serious this is

Can anyone tell me or give me an idea of just how serious this is?
Two weeks ago, I went to my regular doctor because I was sick, running fever. While I was there, I asked him about some problems I had been having occasionally with my arms, hands and fingers being numb when I first woke up and once I got to work and was doing a certain job first thing in the morning. He referred me for a Nerve Conduction Test. I received the results Friday. This is what the results say (which I don't quite understand all of it because I am not a nurse nor do I work in the medical field)... Abnormal study in showing diffuse slowing of Sensory Conduction Velocity of all 3 major nerves in both Upper extremities. Bilateral Ulnar Nerves are affected the most at 34 - 35 meters per second (N=>50 m/s). The second in order to be affected is the right Radial Nerve at 39 meters per second (N=>60 m/s) compared to the Left Radial Nerve at 40 meters per second (N=>60 m/s). The Left Median Nerve is slightly more slow at 34.5 meters per second (N=>50 m/s) compared to Right Ulnar Nerve at 36 meters per second (N=>50 m/s). The Motor Conduction Velocities for both Median nerves are within normal limit. The Motor Conduction Velocities for the Ulnar Nerves are abnormal in showing significant drop in the Conduction Velocity across the elbow joint suggestive of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome. The F-Wave latencies are within normal limits ruling the possibility of Cervical Radiculopathy at this juncture. Impression/Recommendations: Significantly abnormal study to show pretty advanced Cubital Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Patient needs to be referred for surgery as soon as possible to avoid permanent damage to both his/her Ulnar Nerves. Slow Sensory Conduction Velocity do indicate the systemic processes such as Diabetes Mellitus, hypothyroidism and Rheumatoid arthritis as possible contributing factors. The results of the test were written by a Neurologist. I do not completely understand what all the details mean and would like them explained if at all possible. The part I DO understand is about being referred for surgery as soon as possible. My regular doctor's nurse told me it would be surgery on both hands/arms (not real sure whether it's my wrists, elbows or exactly where). I should get a call tomorrow letting me know when I will see the Orthopedic but I would like to have an idea of just how serious this is beforehand since everything with my job involves me using my hands, arms, and wrists.
Other - Health - 1 Answers
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get a second opinion before surgery then get another , find a dr who will address the cause of problem . nerves in wrist go in carpel tunnel it is a small space and inflammation can make it smaller putting pressure on nerves. repetitive motions, like typing can cause inflammation. it could also be periphrial neuropathy and surgery will not de as helpful, my mom had that. massage, yoga, thia-chi, meditation, and others may help you to destress, and may help with any inflammation. Get a second and third opinion before surgery, look up the procedure on web md, for more info.






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Friday, February 1, 2013

Confused about this? question about fasting

Confused about this? question about fasting?
i wanted to fast for a lil but i heard that ketoacidosis can occure if u fast. so if a person fasts for three days ur body panics and breaks down fats and protiens? from where? muscles? body fat? is this really unhealthy? wikipedia definition: Ketoacidosis is a type of metabolic acidosis which is caused by high concentrations of ketone bodies, formed by the deamination of amino acids, and the breakdown of fatty acids. This is most common in untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus, when the liver breaks down fat and proteins in response to a perceived need for respiratory substrate. It can also occur with people undergoing hunger strikes, fasting over 3 days, or people starving to death as the body is forced to break down fat for sustenance due to their lack of outside nutrition. Ketoacidosis can be smelled on a person's breath. It is often described as smelling like fruit or paint thinner Ketoacidosis should not be confused with ketosis
Diet & Fitness - 3 Answers
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1 :
if you fast, your body needs certain nutrients to support basic life functions. it must get the nutrients from somewhere so it will turn to muscle.. MUSCLE FIRST, THEN FAT. this is because muscle is easier for the body to break down to get amino acids that it needs to survive. it can place the amino acids where they are needed, and use them as caloric fuel to carry on life functions. the body will also break down some fats for the same purpose, but it prefers muscle to fat. when you are done fasting, you have lost muscle mass and fat, and you have brought your metabolism to a halt. when you resume eating, your metabolism will be slower than before, and with the reduced muscle tissue, you will not be burning as many calories throughout the day. this is why fasting to lose weight is the worst approach you can take.
2 :
if you drink lots of water and take vitamins you will be fine... fasting is good if you are trying to cleans you body.. its not good for weight loss
3 :
Yes, it's extremely unhealthy to starve yourself. Besides which, it doesn't help with the dieting at all, because if you do go through periods of starving your body, it will simply store more fat when you ARE eating in order to get through these periods of "famine". Your muscles will be the first to go, because muscle tissue needs a steady influx of nutrients to maintain itself. Then stores of fat will be used. Basically, your body starts cannibalising itself. In any case, it is a very unhealthy, and in the long term inefficient, way to lose weight. Not to mention, prolonged fasting can lead to all kinds of secondary health problems, some of which could eventually become life-threatening. You'd do much better switching to only eating fruits and vegetables if you are that desperate to lose weight. It's about as okay to go hungry for a long time as it is to consume a ton more calories than you strictly need. The only healthy way to attain your ideal weight is the golden rule that applies to everything: moderation.






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