what is the effect of diabetes type 1 & 2 in body enzymes..,, especially liver enzymes and pancreatic a-amylase,,, thanks
Diabetes - 3 Answers
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Diabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes—is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger). There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes: results from the body's failure to produce insulin, and presently requires the person to inject insulin. (Also referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM for short, and juvenile diabetes.) Type 2 diabetes: results from insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency. (Formerly referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM for short, and adult-onset diabetes.) Gestational diabetes: is when pregnant women, who have never had diabetes before, have a high blood glucose level during pregnancy. It may precede development of type 2 DM. Other forms of diabetes mellitus include congenital diabetes, which is due to genetic defects of insulin secretion, cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, steroid diabetes induced by high doses of glucocorticoids, and several forms of monogenic diabetes. All forms of diabetes have been treatable since insulin became available in 1921, and type 2 diabetes may be controlled with medications. Both type 1 and 2 are chronic conditions that usually cannot be cured. Pancreas transplants have been tried with limited success in type 1 DM; gastric bypass surgery has been successful in many with morbid obesity and type 2 DM. Gestational diabetes usually resolves after delivery. Diabetes without proper treatments can cause many complications. Acute complications include hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, or nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure, retinal damage. Adequate treatment of diabetes is thus important, as well as blood pressure control and lifestyle factors such as smoking cessation and maintaining a healthy body weight.
2 :
The liver, kidney, intestine, and platelets contain the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which produces glucose from glucose-6-phosphate and is the final step in the production of glucose via gluconeogenesis. This enzyme is absent in other tissues. Glucose that is metabolized peripherally may therefore be converted back to glucose or to hepatic glycogen via gluconeogenesis with lactate as the primary substrate.7 This is known as the Cori cycle. In type 2 diabetes, excessive hepatic glucose output contributes to the fasting hyperglycemia. Increased gluconeogenesis is the predominant mechanism responsible for this increased glucose output, while glycogenolysis has not been shown to be increased in patients with type 2 diabetes.8 Hyperglucagonemia has been shown to augment increased rates of hepatic glucose output, probably through enhanced gluconeogenesis pancreatic a-amylase This enzyme is extremely important in mammals, catalyzing the degradation of starch and glycogen to be used as energy. In addition, the inhibition of a -amylase is effective in controlling diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Tin
3 :
Read this link for information on type 1 and its treatment http://www.suite101.com/content/outsmart-diabetes-with-herbal-remedies-a313732
