Friday, February 20, 2009

•How does Diabetes Insipidus differ from Diabetes Mellitus


•How does Diabetes Insipidus differ from Diabetes Mellitus?
short simple answers please
Diabetes - 2 Answers
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1 :
diabetes insipidus is a defficiency of anti diuretic hormone(ADH), which causes the body to continually be in a state of dehydration. its caused by problems with the pituitary gland. it is controlled by a number of different meds. diabetes mellitus is divided into two types. type 1's have a definency of the insulin hormone and no longer create it. therefore the diabetic must inject insulin to mimic a regular persons insulin release. type 2 is a form of insulin resistance which means the diabetic cannot utilise the insulin they're producing to its full potential. it can be controlled by diet, tablets and sometimes insulin injections are required.
2 :
Diabetes insipidus is a condition in which the kidneys are unable to conserve water. Causes Return to top Diabetes insipidus (DI) is an uncommon condition that occurs when the kidneys are unable to conserve water as they perform their function of filtering blood. The amount of water conserved is controlled by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin. ADH is a hormone produced in a region of the brain called the hypothalamus. It is then stored and released from the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain. DI caused by a lack of ADH is called central diabetes insipidus. When DI is caused by a failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH, the condition is called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Central diabetes insipidus is caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland as a result of: Head injury Infection Surgery Tumor Nephrogenic DI involves a defect in the parts of the kidneys that reabsorb water back into the bloodstream. It occurs less often than central DI. Nephrogenic DI may occur as an inherited disorder in which male children receive the abnormal gene that causes the disease from their mothers. Nephrogenic DI may also be caused by: Certain drugs (such as lithium, amphotericin B, and demeclocycline) High levels of calcium in the body (hypercalcemia) Kidney disease (such as polycystic kidney disease) Symptoms Return to top Excessive thirst May be intense or uncontrollable May involve a craving for ice water Excessive urine volume Exams and Tests Return to top MRI of the head Urinalysis Urine output Treatment Return to top The cause of the underlying condition should be treated when possible. Central diabetes insipidus may be controlled with vasopressin (desmopressin, DDAVP). You take vasopressin as either a nasal spray or tablets. If nephrogenic DI is caused by medication (for example, lithium), stopping the medication may help restore normal kidney function. However, after many years of lithium use, the nephrogenic DI may be permanent. Hereditary nephrogenic DI and lithium-induced nephrogenic DI are treated by drinking enough fluids to match urine output and with drugs that lower urine output. Drugs used to treat nephrogenic DI include: Anti-inflammatory medication (indomethacin) Diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and amiloride) Outlook (Prognosis) Return to top The outcome depends on the underlying disorder. If treated, diabetes insipidus does not cause severe problems or reduce life expectancy. The Differences Between Diabetes Insipidus and Sugar Diabetes Trying to explain what diabetes insipidus is can be challenging enough, without having it confused with "the other diabetes"-sugar diabetes (diabetes mellitus). Both share the word "diabetes" in the name, and both involve thirst and frequent urination, although in DI, urination is more frequent and in much greater volumes than the more common sugar diabetes, and the urine is subsequently extremely dilute and a very pale yellow color or almost clear. But beyond that, there's not much else in common. Some people with DI refer to their condition as either "central DI" or "nephrogenic DI" (depending on what's applicable), because it avoids the confusion caused when people not familiar with DI hear the word diabetes. The more you know about both diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus, the better able you are to explain your condition to others-from family members to primary care physicians or emergency technicians. A good starting place is to know the meaning of the words themselves. Diabetes is derived from the Greek verb diabainein, which means to stand with legs apart, as in urination. Diabetes mellitus means, literally, honey-sweet urine (back when doctors would sometimes actually taste people's urine to make a diagnosis). Diabetes insipidus means bland or insipid urine. There are four forms of DI: central DI (also referred to as pituitary or neurogenic DI), nephrogenic DI, gestational DI and dipsogenic DI. DI is caused by the lack of the antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) or the kidney's inability to respond to this hormone. Sugar diabetes, or diabetes mellitus, comes in two different forms: adult-onset diabetes and insulin-dependent diabetes. Sugar diabetes is caused by lack of the hormone insulin. Not only are DI and sugar diabetes separate conditions, but the diagnostic tests and treatments are different, as well.






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Posted by Diabetes Melitus at 8:56 AM