Monday, May 28, 2012

8 Very specific questions about Endocrine System & Hormones


8 Very specific questions about Endocrine System & Hormones?
I think I know most of these answers but I am worried that they are going to reappear next week as essay test questions and wonder if I couldn't put the answers a little better, please review my answers at the bottom after reading my questions. ---the questions---- 1.In the first half of the 20th Century, thyroid endemic goiters were much more common than today. This reduction is thought to be the product of the government’s mandate that iodine should be added to common table salt. Describe why and how this would reduce the number of cases of thyroid goiters. 2.In patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, recent research suggests that the beta cells of the pancreatic islets are destroyed by the patient’s own immune system. Describe how this would result in the symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus. 3.In detail, describe why the hormones insulin and glucagon can be described as having an antagonistic relationship. 4.A new drug being tested by the FDA has been found to impair the ability of the liver to produce and store cholesterol. In terms of the endocrine system, what would happen to a patient who is taking this drug? 5.Explain the difference between the means by which a hydrophobic hormone and a hydrophilic hormone interact with a target cell. 6.Describe what is meant when an organ is referred to as a mixed gland. Provide three examples of this in the human body and for each, identify the “mixed” functions of the organ. 7.Explain how FSH and Testosterone together can stimulate normal rates of spermatogenesis, while neither of these hormones can do so alone. 8.When a woman is in the secretory phase of the uterine cycle, what phase is occurring in the ovarian cycle and how are the two related? What occurs in the uterine cycle when the ovarian cycle has reached the end of the luteal phase? Why? ------My answers------ 1. W/o Iodine the thyroid cannot synthesize TH. w/o TH the pituitary receives no feedback & acts as if the thyroid were under stimulated. It produces extra TSH which stimulates hypertrophy of the thyroid gland. 2. When 80-90% of beta cells are destroyed and insulin is low the level of glucagon is elevated. It is the high ratio of glucagon to insulin that causes the signs. 3. insulin eats blood sugar? I don't know how to properly describe this one 4? 5 Hydrophilic must bind to a second messenger to enter cell whereas hydrophobic has the ability to pass through membranes 6 When they use the term "mixed" do they mean that interchangeably with accessory? Like the brain, heart, small intestine, bones, and adipose tissue all have more primary function yet they also secrete various hormones or do they mean something else by the term "mixed"? 7&8 (a little help would be appreciated)
Biology - 1 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
1, and 2 looks okay 3. Insulin signals cells to take in sugar from blood, thereby lower blood sugar. Glucagon signals liver to turn glycogen to glucose and release to blood, thereby increase blood sugar. They function in opposite ways therefore they are antagonistic. 4. I would suspect that there will be a increase of steroid (hydrophobic hormones) production because cholesterol is the raw material. More specifically, I believe DHEA (precursor to sex hormones) because other systemic steroids are tightly regulated. 5. Hydrophilic Hormone does not enter the cell, rather, it binds to receptor on cell membrane and activate secondary messenger system in the cell. Hydrophobic Hormone need carrier protein to travel in blood and as you said they can just pass through cell membrane. 6. Mix gland is a gland that have both endocrine and exocrine function. Examples would be Pancreas, Stomach and Liver. What you suggested are not glands except for small intestine, but i am less clear on its exocrine function. 7. Testosterone is essential for both mitosis and meiosis of the germ cell. FSH has to do with production of ABP, androgen bind protein. which bind to Testosterone in Sertoli cell. Testosterone binded with ABP is essential for sperm maturation (not just Testosterone alone). 8. Secretory Phase = Luteal Phase. Secretory Phase is characterized by hormone secretion. Luteal Phase is characterized by corpus luteum, which primary function is to secrete hormone. At the end of luteal phase, the endometrium, or the lining of uterus begin to thin and menstrual phase begins. This is due to the 'dying' of corpus luteum, because corpus luteam can no longer produce enough hormone to sustain the endometrium.






 Read more discussions :
Posted by Diabetes Melitus at 9:00 AM