A 35 year old woman comes to see a physician because of intermittent tingling and numbness of her feet during the past 6 months. She has a 30 year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Sensation of joint position is decreased in the toes and ankles, and vibration sense is decreased in the feet. There are decreased ankle jerks bilaterally. Pathologic changes of which of the following most likely occured in this patient? A. Dorsal Columns of the spinal cord B. Large- diameter axons of the distal portions of peripheral nerves C. Motoneurons of the lumbosacral spinal cord D. Spinocerebellar tracts of the spinal cord E. Spinothalamic tract neurons of the dorsal horn
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Answer is B. Patients with diabetes suffer localized, not spinal damager from the disease. Both small and large diameter axons are affected, but larger are affected more greatly due to the microvascular changes and basement membrane thickening due to AGE (sugar product buildup) damage in the vasculature. Diabetes does not typically directly affect spinal columns/nerves. Diabetic neuropathy is a peripheral disease.
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