Wednesday, October 28, 2009

In diabetes mellitus, acidosis can cause depth and rate of breathing, which is called _

In diabetes mellitus, acidosis can cause ____ depth and rate of breathing, which is called _____?
a) increased; Kussmaul respiration b) increased; Dalton's respiration c) decreased; hypoventilation d) decreased; orthopnea e) decreased; eupnea
Biology - 3 Answers
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1 :
a
2 :
c
3 :
Hi There, Technically this question is incomplete because you must say which diabetes (DM1 or DM2) but ok moving on. The answer is A. The cause of Kussmaul breathing is respiratory compensation for a metabolic acidosis namely DKA (Diabetic KetoAcidosis). DKA occurs due to a stress on the body, typically infection. The problem is due to deficient insulin. The lack of insulin causes the body to start using fats. The natural metabolism of these fats causes ketone bodies to be produced which result in lowering blood pH. Blood gases on a patient with Kussmaul breathing will show a low pCO2 because of a forced increased respiration (blowing off the carbon dioxide). The patient feels an urge to breathe deeply known as "air hunger", and it appears almost involuntary. Kussmaul breathing develops as the acidosis grows more severe. Labs: High anion gap Very hyperglycemic (high blood glucose) Low pH Ketones K+ is altered and changes throughout the disease and treatment. The cells will efflux K+ in exchange for H+ (H+ causes pH to fall). Unfortunately as you use insulin potassium is reabsorbed which can cause hypokalemia (low potassium levels). There you go, more information then you could have ever cared for :) Best of luck with everything. Daniel R1 Medical Resident

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Saturday, October 24, 2009

Has anyone found that isoniazid (INH) has caused diabetes mellitus

Has anyone found that isoniazid (INH) has caused diabetes mellitus?
My son tested positive for TB before he went away to college, he was put on Isoniazid for 6 months. During that time he lost 15lbs. When he came home and went for a physical, he was diagnosed with diabetes. He was 20 years old with no family history of diabetes. His brother and sister are fine.
Diabetes - 1 Answers
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1 :
No INH is not known to raise Blood sugar .It doesnot causes Diabetes. Ur son may be having early onset of type 2 DM . If u dont have a family histroy of DM( both maternal & paternal side ) even than one can become diabetic ,may be due to certain viral infections ,enviorment ,or mutant genes. Or the genes may not be dominant in other sibiling but he may have adominant gene.

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Tuesday, October 20, 2009

Discuss the similarities and differences in caring for Type I diabetes mellitus and Type II diabetes mellitus

Discuss the similarities and differences in caring for Type I diabetes mellitus and Type II diabetes mellitus.?

Diabetes - 2 Answers
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1 :
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is treated with insulin (because it is caused by absolute insulin deifciency) Type 2 diabetes is treated with oral hypoglycaemics (glitazones, sulphonylureas, metformin and thiazolinediones - which all work by affecting hepatic gluconeogenesis or increasing the sensitivity of cells to insulin). Several other drugs are available. Both conditions require superb control of diet and regular blood glucose checks are essential. Patients should stop smoking, maintain a healthy BMI (weight loss can improve Type 2) and take care of feet (complications can arise). Diet is essential in both types and patients are encouraged to reduce fat intake (mono and polunsaturates are preferred to saturated fats; the former aid weight loss) and consume starchy and high fibre foods in preference to simple sugars (to prevent violent swings in blood glucose). Meals should be small and synchronised with insulin. Patient education is also important and concerns the complications of diabetes, it's emergencies and about the importance of maintaining normoglycaemia (especially compliance with treatment i.e. never miss an insulin dose etc.). Hope that helps.
2 :
This is a huge question. Have you done any research at all by doing a Google search? In the most simple terms: people with type 1 need insulin. Treatment for people with type 2 varies a lot. They may use pills to stimulate more insulin or pills to make their body more receptive to use insulin, or may need insulin injections, or may control with diet and exercise, or may use a combination of all of those treatments. This is why people who have been diagnosed with diabetes should seek the care of an endocrinologist because treatment must be fine tuned for each individual person.

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Friday, October 16, 2009

A 14-year-old boy has been suffering from type I diabetes mellitus for the past 6 years. His vision has deteri

A 14-year-old boy has been suffering from type I diabetes mellitus for the past 6 years. His vision has deteri?
A 14-year-old boy has been suffering from type I diabetes mellitus for the past 6 years. His vision has deteriorated in the last 2 years. He voids large volumes of urine and was admitted to the hospital with severe pyelonephritis, a kidney infection. Upon admission, the doctor found that he had mild ketoacidosis. Which type of insulin should be administered? Why? Are there any side effects of insulin administration? Besides medication, would diet and exercise affect blood glucose and insulin level in the patient? How? What could be the reasons for kidney infection and deteriorating vision? Why are kidney infections and vision problems common in diabetics? Why does an infection lead to acidosis and what will be the patient's serum bicarbonate level?
Diabetes - 1 Answers
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1 :
I'm hoping that this is for your homework and you're not asking about a real person?! If this is a real person then they need to speak to their dr about what to do! Anyway, assuming homework ... Insulin - upon admission the dr might decide to put him on a sliding scale (glucose/insulin drip) to stabilize blood sugar during the infection. After this normal insulin should be reviewed (because it's obiously not great for him) but continued unless his consultant can suggest something better. Side effects - the good thing is that hypos are meant to be avoided on a sliding scale because it's administered with a glucose drip. On usual injections / pump the main side effect is a hypo (low blood glucose) - this is actually an insulin overdose but v difficult to avoid completely. For your subject another side effect could be that if his blood sugars have been really high for a long time then bringing them down too quickly can make him feel hypo even though he's not and can also accelerate eye disease, so the dr would have to be very careful of this. Improving his diet and increasing exercise may help to stabilize his blood sugars but at this point changing diet and exercise would just throw another variable into the mix and make bringing his diabetes under control even more difficult. Type 1 diabetes is not like type 2 diabetes that can really benefit from diet and exercise changes. Diabetes causes damage to the retina at the back of the eye. This can be treated with laser surgery if it's caught early enough but this is a dangerous procedure so many people opt not to have it done. Left unchecked this kind of eye disease can cause blindness. The risk of it is greatly reduced by good blood glucose control. Diabetes can also affect kidney function and cause kidney damage / failure but a likely cause of this kidney infection is due to a much lowered immune system caused by diabetes - this leaves the body open to infection and particularly to thrush and urine infections - a urine infection left untreated can lead to a kidney infection. I don't think that your patient has dka (ketoacidosis) at this point although he may be heading for it. This is caused by an increase in metabolism during an infection which someone with diabetes can't cope with v well because to deal with dka you need extra carbs and extra insulin - your body makes this itself but the body of someone with diabetes doesn't. dka affects blood chemistry including bicarbonate and potassium levels. Hope that helps xx

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Monday, October 12, 2009

Why ketogenesis do not occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus

why ketogenesis do not occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus?
what it is relation with insulin
Diabetes - 4 Answers
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1 :
Ketosis is when the body uses fat for energy. It occurs in type one diabetes because the body is unable to produce insulin. The muscles cannot use glucose because there is no insulin to transport the glucose I'm pretty sure it can occur in type 2 diabetes as monitoring ketosis is key in the Atkins diet.
2 :
Hey, Ketones were found in my Urine and blood stream when I was in the emergency room for three different times in the winter of 2009. Jan, Feb, and Mar, I had to go to the emergency room when I got really sick. I listened to my VA Doctors advice and not pay attention to my glucose levlels and, to eat whatever I wanted. So, I ended up in the emergency rooms. They did find Ketones in my blood and urine each of the three months. Yet, one year later the VA told me I was 100% healthy. The Aurora medical Center told me I was 100% sick with hypoglycemia and, I had some type of diabetes. Just goes to say that no two doctors are going to agree on anything the other says. I definately think they can be in type 2 diabetes unless someone here can come up with a corrected proof.
3 :
Ketogenesis can not only occur in all diabetics, but in non diabetics as well. Start looking at the fitness sites. Almost all the muscle building sites that are worth a nickle will talk about burning keytones. The relationship between ketogenesis and insulin: If you don't have enough insulin, your body will burn keytones for fuel instead of glucose. If you are insulin resistant, the same thing happens. Keytones are sort of a 'back up' energy source if your body needs it.
4 :
ketones are the byproduct of fatty acid . keto acidosis does not occur in a patient with a type 2 diabetes mellitus. normally type 2 is a insulin non dependent diabetes so insulin is non dependent in this . so ketogenesis does not occur in type d2 diabetes .

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Thursday, October 8, 2009

What is the defect in the disease, diabetes mellitus Type 1

what is the defect in the disease, diabetes mellitus Type 1?
does anyone know? ty
Diabetes - 5 Answers
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1 :
Scientist don't know what causes the pancreas to just shut down and not make insulin. They are theorizing that it maybe a virus but its not for certain............
2 :
The defect in Type 1 Diabetes is that your pancreas produces either very very little insulin or no insulin at all. You need insulin to control your blood glucose (sugar) levels. This is vital to living. Type 1 Diabetes is also sometimes called childhood diabetes because it is often diagnosed early in life because you are either born with it or it develops very early on. It is not to be confused with Type 2 Diabetes, which often develops later in life, and is often developed as a result of poor health and eating habits and other things such as being overweight or clinically obese. Type 2 diabetes can be controlled sometimes with diet and exercise, or with pills. Doesnt necessarily need a shot and not all Type 2 diabetics need to take insulin. Type 1 diabetics MUST take insulin to live. They most likely have to take it in the form of a shot, sometimes once a day but alot of the times it's multiple times a day. They must monitor their diet and health very closely. They often develop problems associated with the disease (i.e. problems with eyesight and blindness, renal insufficiency/failure, foot problems that can lead to the amputation of lower extremities) if it is not controlled carefully. Hope this helps you out.
3 :
due to pancreatic beta cell damage in part or in whole thus unable to produce insulin normally. describe treatment with insulin injections every meal
4 :
In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. It's considered an autoimmune disorder that attacks and destroys the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Eventually no insulin is produced and without insulin, glucose cannot get into the cells to nourish them. This is when the blood glucose levels become excessively high.
5 :
Hello, Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. So the beta cells which are responsible for producing insulin are damaged and thus the insulin levels in blood markedly decrease. This results in a rise in blood sugar as no more insulin is available to push the sugar from the blood into the cells. I hope it helps. Take care and God bless.

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Sunday, October 4, 2009

If a person has diabetes mellitus, would his or her production of glucagon be increased or decreased? explain

If a person has diabetes mellitus, would his or her production of glucagon be increased or decreased? explain?

Homework Help - 1 Answers
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1 :
I think it would be less since if you have diabetes, you produce too much insulin without enough glucagon to counter it.

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Thursday, October 1, 2009

Which of the following is an example of a communicable disease:common cold,heart disease, or diabetes mellitus

Which of the following is an example of a communicable disease:common cold,heart disease, or diabetes mellitus

Other - Diseases - 4 Answers
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1 :
Cold.
2 :
The common cold. It's a virus and viruses are contagious. You can't catch heart disease or diabetes from someone. You can inherit them though.
3 :
Common Cold
4 :
a cold you do not catch diabetes or heart disease from others.

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