Sunday, September 28, 2008

what is the different of treatment between diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2

what is the different of treatment between diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2?
pharmacology and non-pharmacology... thanks...
Diabetes - 2 Answers
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1 :
Diabetes 1 your body produces no insulin and you must take insulin to keep your blood sugar under control (diet, excercise and oral hypoglycemics will sometimes be given to help control sugars). Diabetes 2 your body does not produce enough insulin so treatment is aimed at helping your body control sugar ... start by controlling diet, then add oral hypoglycemics (metformin, glyburide, avandia etc...) and insulin only if necessary. HbAic test to see wether treatment is helping with longterm sugar control. Hope this helps, C
2 :
So far there has not yet found a cure to cure diabetes, but proper medication, good diet and some changes in lifestyle can help people with diabetes to lead a virtually normal life while avoiding long-term problems and complications often associated with the disease.






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Wednesday, September 24, 2008

i need information about diabetes mellitus

i need information about diabetes mellitus?
(1)how do i elaborate on the insulin levels, and (2)how does ketoacidosis complicate matters and what does it lead to and (3)what is the biochemical reaction if sugar is not available for use in the cell membrane?
Diabetes - 1 Answers
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1 :
(1) Insulin levels are controlled by a closed feedback loop in the pancreas, and the amount of insulin released is proportional to the amount of sugar in/around in the body. Insulin allows glucose to enter the cells of the body. When a person has diabetes mellitus, the insulin producing alpha cells of the pancreas are attacked by the immune system, and insulin is no longer produced. (3) Normally, glucose enters the body, and enters the glycolytic pathway, then the krebs cycle. The GTP, NADH, and FADH2 produced in the Krebs cycle enter the electron transport chain to produce ATP to fuel the cell. The Krebs cycle requires a certain component, oxaloacetate, to be able to continue processing. When no sugar is avaliable in the cell, fat molecules are broken down, and Krebs cycle intermediates are used to regenerate sugar molecules. In the mean time, fat molecules are broken down into acetyl-CoA, which bonds to oxaloacetate to become citrate. If oxaloacetate gets low, acetyl CoA levels increase in the cell, and protein break down starts to regenerate Krebs cycle intermediates. This can be somewhat sucessful, but is usually pretty much useless. Acetyl CoA reacts with itself in a series of aldol condensations, and eventually forms 4 ketone molecules, including acetone. These make the body acidic, leading to Ketoacidosis... (2) Ketones make the body acidic, which can have a series of effects. First, it increases the rate of respiration in an attempt to decrease the blood pH. It can also affect the kidney in 2 ways: potassium is exchanged for H+ ions in the kidney, while potassium is exchanged for sodium (sodium is probably absorbed at high rates, because the sugar levels are so high). This can lead to heart arrhythmia. The acidosis can cause exhaustion, and dulled thinking. It can also cause nausea. ... Does this help?





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Saturday, September 20, 2008

How LADA is misdiagnosed as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

How LADA is misdiagnosed as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Biology - 1 Answers
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1 :
Patients with LADA may lack some of the type 2 diabetes symptoms. These could include age, obesity, and the difficulty in achieving glycaemic control using standard oral hypoglycaemic agents. If these are lacking from diagnosis, it is quite possible that the patient has LADA. LADA is more typical of the immune markers common to type 2 diabetes, yet in its early stages does not require insulin. Patients in the early stages of LADA may also lack ketoacidosis symptoms. However, there may be a more rapid progression to requiring insulin amongst LADA patients when compared to normal type 2 diabetics. LADA patients share features common to both type 1 and type 2 diabetics. Much more info in link.







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Tuesday, September 16, 2008

Why does a lack or slow production of insulin cause diabetes mellitus

why does a lack or slow production of insulin cause diabetes mellitus?
a. insulin is required for exertion of glucose b. insulin is required for glucose uptake c. insulin is required for converting glucose to glycogen d. insulin is required for synthesis of glucose
Diabetes - 2 Answers
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1 :
B.
2 :
Insulin is responsible for us to make use of glucose for energy. When the body breaks down the sugars and starches into glucose, they become the sources of energy for our cells. The insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. When our body does not produce insulin, then the sugars go into our blood instead of in our cells which is why diabetes takes place.






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Friday, September 12, 2008

WHY A PERSON WITH DIABETES MELLITUS HAVE A HIGHER ABSORBANCE READINGS OF THEIR PLASMA

WHY A PERSON WITH DIABETES MELLITUS HAVE A HIGHER ABSORBANCE READINGS OF THEIR PLASMA?

Diabetes - 1 Answers
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1 :
I think your caps lock key is stuck. People with DM have various issues that might affect their plasma absorbance. Here's a relatively comprehensive article covering just that: http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/smallgut/absorb_sugars.html






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Monday, September 8, 2008

Is it safe or okay to take d4 thermal shock if i have type 1 diabetes mellitus

Is it safe or okay to take d4 thermal shock if i have type 1 diabetes mellitus?
I am reading and researching and i am getting mixed results from both doctors and websites
Men's Health - 1 Answers
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1 :
Self-diagnosis is often wrong & can even be dangerous. If you don't believe your doctor - get a second medical opinion.





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Thursday, September 4, 2008

What is chronic kidney disease secondary to diabetes mellitus nephropathy

what is chronic kidney disease secondary to diabetes mellitus nephropathy?

Diabetes - 2 Answers
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1 :
In my own experience with my hubby, I noticed he drinks a lot of water and urinates often, he lost 10kg in 1 month w/o dieting, he suddenly has the sore in his toe nail(under the nail, he feels sleepy most of the time, as it runs in his blood(family history) i suspected that he has high blood sugar, and yes its positive........hope the above helps you...I also find this blog very helpful for diabetes treatment: http://diabetespreventionandtreatment.blogspot.com
2 :
Kidney disease (also known as diabetic nephropathy) is a complication of diabetes that starts when the blood vessels in the kidney become leaky. These leaky blood vessels allow protein from the blood to be excreted into the urine. Eventually, some vessels collapse and place more pressure on those that remain. Under this increased load, the remaining blood vessels are also damaged and the kidney may fail. The disease may progress to where the patient may have to be placed on dialysis where a machine performs the role of the kidney or receive a transplant. Here is a web page for you to get more information. Good luck to you.






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Monday, September 1, 2008

What metabolic similarities are there between diabetes mellitus and prolonged starvation

What metabolic similarities are there between diabetes mellitus and prolonged starvation?

Medicine - 4 Answers
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1 :
Cells are "hungry" in both cases. The main difference is that in diabetes cells are hungry while there's more than enough food around them. Besides that... I have diagrams and I'm sorry cuz can't present them to you. Most similar to prolonged starving is diabetic ketonic acidosis. Their similarities are: - enhanced lipolysis an beta-oxydation of free fat acids - which leads to ketonic acidosis - enhanced gluconeogenesis And differences: diabetic ketonic acidosis - hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucoseuria, hyposodia, polyuria, increased hematocrit, hypovolemia, tachycardia, increased potassium in blood, Kussmaul's breathing, brain uses glucose. prolonged starvation - hypoglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, protein catabolism, decreased production of albumin in liver, lowering of oncotic pressure, brain uses ketones. I suppose metabolism in hyperosmolar syndrome in d.m. is similar. Sorry for poor English but it's hard to translate scientific terms from one language to another. For marmar: That is correct but only for D.M. type 1. In type 2 insuline receptors on tissue cells aren't sensitive enough and that's why glucose can't enter cell. Type 2 d.m. has increased amount of insulin in the blood.
2 :
a urine dip may show ketones.
3 :
simply D.M. can't make use of the glucose in their body due to the lack of insulin WHILE prolonged starvation they have ran out of glucose because they used it all.
4 :
Feeling hungry..




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