Monday, June 28, 2010

I need to know more about gestational diabetes mellitus because my 1 hr glucose test was positive

i need to know more about gestational diabetes mellitus because my 1 hr glucose test was positive?

Pregnancy - 1 Answers
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1 :
GDM, like other forms of diabetes, is defined as glucose intolerance, but with its first onset during pregnancy. Approximately 3.5% of non-Aboriginal women, and up to 18% of Aboriginal women will develop GDM. Risk factors for developing this condition include: • a previous diagnosis of GDM • age over 35 years • obesity • a history of polycystic ovary syndrome • hirsutism (excessive body and facial hair) • acanthosis nigricans (a skin disorder characterized by the appearance of darkened patches of skin) • being a member of a population considered to be at high risk for diabetes, including women of Aboriginal, Hispanic, South Asian, Asian or African descent. Although some are at greater risk than others, the Canadian Diabetes Association 2003 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada recommend that all women be screened for GDM between 24 and 28 weeks' gestation using a glucose tolerance test*. For women with multiple risk factors, this testing should be done during the first trimester, then again during the second and third trimesters, even if the first test is negative. Prompt diagnosis of GDM is important, as it carries several risks to both mother and infant. For example, children born to mothers with GDM may be “macrosomic”, a medical term meaning “severely obese.” This poses a risk of trauma to both mother and baby during the delivery. Macrosomic babies have a higher risk of hypoglycemia after birth – a dangerously low blood glucose level – as well as severe breathing problems. They are also at higher risk for potential long-term obesity and glucose intolerance. Although the diagnosis should be taken seriously, GDM can be managed by some of the same measures with which type 2 diabetes is managed. The first step is to make lifestyle changes that can prevent or reverse both GDM and type 2 diabetes. These measures include nutritional therapy – which is best accomplished with the help of a dietician – to achieve what's called euglycemia, or blood glucose balance. It's important to ensure appropriate weight gain, but not weight loss, and adequate nutritional intake for both mother and baby. Exercise is encouraged, with the frequency and intensity of activity decided with your doctor based on your risk. If reductions in blood glucose do not reach the recommended levels within two weeks with lifestyle changes, then certain types of insulin can be safely used in pregnancy. Generally, glucose levels in women who have had GDM return to normal. However, these women do face an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life, so after the baby is delivered, a follow-up blood glucose test should be done within six months. To reduce the risk of developing diabetes in the future, women should be encouraged to: Breastfeed. Breastfeeding been shown to reduce the risk for subsequent diabetes in the baby. • Follow a healthy lifestyle. • Be screened regularly for the development of type 2 diabetes, or impaired glucose tolerance, also known as “prediabetes”. • Consult their physician when planning their next pregnancy to check blood glucose levels, and consider taking a folic acid supplement to ensure the best outcomes. With prompt diagnosis and good management, women with GDM can expect to have a healthy pregnancy and a happy, healthy baby.






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Posted by Diabetes Melitus at 9:46 AM

Thursday, June 24, 2010

Can immunocal CURE diabetes mellitus completely

can immunocal CURE diabetes mellitus completely?

Diabetes - 2 Answers
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1 :
I rather doubt it, diabetes cannot be cured only controlled.
2 :
there is no cure for diabetes rather it can b controlled.





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Posted by Diabetes Melitus at 9:45 AM

Sunday, June 20, 2010

Explain the process of acquiring type II diabetes mellitus.

Explain the process of acquiring type II diabetes mellitus.?

Diabetes - 8 Answers
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1 :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes
2 :
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas doesn't adequately process the carbohydrates ingested. Typically, the patient is overweight and sedentary. The older you get the more prone you become. To help avoid and minimize the disease, watch your diet and get plenty of cardiovascular exercise.
3 :
What Causes Type 2 Diabetes? Although it is more common than type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes is less well understood. It is likely caused by multiple factors and not a single problem. Type 2 diabetes can run in families, but the exact nature of how it's inherited or the identity of a single genetic factor is not known. What Are the Symptoms? The symptoms of type 2 diabetes vary from person to person but may include: Increased thirst. Increased hunger (especially after eating). Dry mouth. Nausea and occasionally vomiting. Frequent urination. Fatigue (weak, tired feeling). Blurred vision. Numbness or tingling of the hands or feet. Frequent infections of the skin, urinary tract or vagina. Rarely, a person may be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes after presenting to the hospital in a diabetic coma. Anyone can get type 2 diabetes. However, those at highest risk for the disease are those who are obese or overweight, women who have had gestational diabetes, people with family members who have type 2 diabetes and people who have metabolic syndrome (a cluster of problems that include high cholesterol, high triglycerides, low good 'HDL' cholesterol and a high bad 'LDL' cholesterol and high blood pressure). In addition, older people are more susceptible to developing the disease since aging makes the body less tolerant of sugars.
4 :
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (formerly called diabetes mellitus type II, non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), obesity related diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes) is a metabolic disorder that is primarily characterized by insulin resistance, relative insulin deficiency, and hyperglycemia. Genetic factors, usually polygenic, are present in most patients. However, environmental factors such as obesity, lack of exercise and a sedentary lifestyle are thought by most observers to lead to insulin resistance. Certainly not all type 2 diabetics have a family history of the condition. Insulin resistance means that body cells do not respond appropriately when insulin is present. Other important contributing factors: increased hepatic glucose production (eg, from glycogen degradation), especially at inappropriate times decreased insulin-mediated glucose transport in (primarily) muscle and adipose tissues (receptor and post-receptor defects) impaired beta-cell function - loss of early phase of insulin release in response to hyperglycemic stimuli Cancer survivors who received allogenic Hematopoeitic Cell Transplantation (HCT) are 3.65 times more likely to report type 2 diabetes than their siblings. Total body irradiation (TBI) is also associated with a higher risk of developing diabetes
5 :
It is associated with overweight and age, but also has a strong genetic component. The process of acquiring it is too lengthy to describe properly in this tiny space, but here's a great article in straightforward language that explains it all. http://darwin.nmsu.edu/~molbio/diabetes/disease.html
6 :
overweight,lack of exercise,bad diet
7 :
type 2, or dm 11, is acquired after adulthood. this develops because of the failure of the pancreas, spec. the islet of langerhans cells, that produces insulin, to give out. when someone has been overweight for many adult years, the pancreas sort of wears out, and can't handle the glucose overload any more. some people can be thin, and also get this. the pancreas can fail to produce enough insulin in response to the glucose load [amount of calories/foods taken in}, some disease states, such as cancer of the pancreas, or celiac sprue, among others, the person can develop dm type 2 because the islets of langerhans' cells/pancreas, just isn't working right. the vast majority of dm type 2, however is from diet and lifestyle, too much intake, overweight, no exercise. hope that tells you what you want to know. good day.
8 :
Although the exact cause of Type I diabetes is unknown, current theory suggests an autoimmune process leads to destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreas. Antibodies for beta-cells are present in seventy-five percent of all cases of Type I diabetes, compared to one-half percent to two percent of non-diabetics. The antibodies to the beta-cells appear to develop in response to cell destruction due to other mechanisms (chemical, free-radical, viral, food allergy, etc.). Obesity is a major contributing factor to this loss of insulin sensitivity; approximately ninety percent of individuals with Type II diabetes are obese. In most cases, achieving ideal body weight is associated with restoration of normal blood sugar levels in these patients. Diabetes, perhaps more than any other disease, is strongly associated with Western culture and diet as it is uncommon in cultures consuming a more "primitive" diet. However, as cultures switch from their native diets to the "foods of commerce," their rate of diabetes increases, eventually reaching the same proportions seen in Western societies. Dietary modification and treatment is fun¬da¬mental to the successful treatment of both Type I and Type II diabetes. The dietary guidelines provided in Chapter 2 are especially important to follow for prevention and treatment. All simple, processed, and concentrated carbohydrates must be avoided. Low glycemic load foods (see Appendix 000) should be stressed and saturated fats should be kept to a minimum. Since diabetics have a higher incidence of death from cardiovascular disease (60-to-70 percent, versus 20-to-25 percent in people without diabetes), the dietary recommendations given in ATHEROSCLEROSIS are equally appropriate here. Weight loss, in particular a significant decrease in body-fat percentage, is a prime objective in treating the majority of Type II diabetics; it improves all aspects of diabetes and may result in cure. For recommendations to promote weight loss see weight loss. For both Type I and Type II diabetics, there are some specific foods that have been shown to produce positive effects on blood sugar control. These foods include olives, soybeans and other legumes, nuts, artichokes, bitter melon, garlic, Jerusalem artichokes, mangoes and onions. These foods all have a low glycemic index and glycemic load and are high in fiber. Cinnamon may also be helpful in controlling blood sugar levels.







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Posted by Diabetes Melitus at 9:44 AM

Wednesday, June 16, 2010

T/F: diabetes insipidus results from hyposecretion of insulin while diabetes mellitus ...

T/F: diabetes insipidus results from hyposecretion of insulin while diabetes mellitus ...?
results from hypersecretion of insulin.
Biology - 2 Answers
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1 :
False. They both result from hyposecretion.
2 :
Okay, do your homework! I will answer however...DI results from decreased levels of ADH caused by the pituitary gland (tumor, trauma) It really is unrelated to hyposecretion of insulin. DM is hyposecretion of insulin.





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Posted by Diabetes Melitus at 9:44 AM

Saturday, June 12, 2010

What pathologic changes result from diabetes mellitus

what pathologic changes result from diabetes mellitus?

Homework Help - 4 Answers
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1 :
oh my goodness - they are numerous. In my case, my vision got worse, my weight became difficult to control, I sometimes have headaches or fall into a deep sleep. Maybe this site will help you, or also I have found about.com to have useful information on this topic.
2 :
Diabetes mellitus can cause all sorts of problems if it is not strictly controlled. These range from heart disease and atherosclerosis to blindness, peripheral vascular disease (which can lead to amputation), and peripheral neuropathy. Uncontrolled diabetes also leads to much higher susceptibility to infection (like yeast infections, fungal infections, abscesses, etc.) because microorganisms take readily to the high sugar content of bodily fluids. Exposure to high glucose levels over time will cause all sorts of cardiovascular disease because it affects the microvasculature (the small blood vessels that feed directly into or out of organs), as well as neuropathy (particularly in the hands and feet, but also in other places). Heart disease is the most common cause of death in diabetics, and kidney failure is also common, because the underlying metabolic abnormalities cause the kidneys to excrete unusually high amounts of not only glucose but also albumin, and this puts excessive demands on function of the kidney.
3 :
1.pancreas: 1.type 1 DM=decrease in insulin secretion in young age: atrophy\infiltration of pancreas by inflammatory cells\decrease number of B cells of blood defense. 2.type2 DM=insulin resistance by antibodies in old age: normal then hyalinosis and atrophy. 3.Newborn of diabetic mother shows hyperplasia of islet cells. 2.cardio-vascular system: thickening of basement membrane of blood vessels leading to ischemia and aneurysm. 3.metabolic disturbances: 1.increased blood glucose with glucose in urine and frequent micturation. 2.glycogen deposition in heart,kidneys and pancreas. 3.glucose synthesis from fat and protein 4.lipolysis causing increased blood lipid and keto-acidosis 5.loss of protein and body weight 4.repeated infection 5.kidney leisons: 1.inflammation maybe accompanied with obstruction and pus 2.glomerulosclerosis 3.hypertension due to athersclerosis 6.sensory,motor and autonomic disturbances due to peripheral mono-neuropathy 7.retinopathy 8.diabetic leg: 1.chronic ischaemia with intermittent claudication 2.gangrene 3.trophic ulcers 9.late in pregnancy: convulsions \ edema\ elevated blood pressure 10.diabetic coma:may be fatal
4 :
oh come on people, if this person is taking classes to be a doctor or nurse, you've just done their homework for them and they learned nothing. do you want your future medical staff cutting and pasting their way through school?






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Posted by Diabetes Melitus at 9:43 AM

Tuesday, June 8, 2010

Describe in detail the procedure for calcuting fasting plasma glucose test for diabetes mellitus.

describe in detail the procedure for calcuting fasting plasma glucose test for diabetes mellitus.?

Diabetes - 1 Answers
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1 :
I have a better idea.... read this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose_tolerance_test When you're done, I want a 500 word essay on how to find stuff on the Internet.





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Posted by Diabetes Melitus at 9:42 AM

Friday, June 4, 2010

When we say diabetes,why put a word mellitus afterwards

when we say diabetes,why put a word mellitus afterwards?
what does mellitus mean?
Diabetes - 3 Answers
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1 :
that is the entire scientific name. we shorten it by just saying diabetes (sort of like callin muscular dystrophy simply MD) it is just simpler
2 :
Diabetes mellitus is a condition that is more common than diabetes insipidus. Both conditions cause above-average urination, but for different reasons. "Diabetes mellitus" roughly translates as "sweet urine" (an effect of having high blood sugar), while "diabetes insipidus" translates as "tasteless urine". "Insipid" still means "tasteless" or "bland" in modern English, while "mellow" and "mellifluous" are derived from the Latin word for "honey". Don't bother asking who is going around tasting peoples' urine...
3 :
The "mellitus" refers to "sweetness." This is the diabetes we typically refer to (sometimes called "sugar diabetes."). It is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism and characterized by elevated blood sugar levels and a host of other problems. (There are various subtypes of it, such as insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetes.) There is also a "water diabetes", also known as "d. insipidus" which is a vasopressin hormone/pituitary problem. There isn't a high blood sugar component attached to it. Finally, there is a "d. bronze", which is also known as hemochromatosis (a problem with iron metabolism that turns your skin dark). In contrast to d. mellitus, there isn't an elevated blood sugar associated with this one, either.





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Posted by Diabetes Melitus at 9:41 AM

Tuesday, June 1, 2010

Elaborate on diabetes mellitus

elaborate on diabetes mellitus?
How to differentiate, clinically (how does the patient present) and First Aid treatment?
Diabetes - 1 Answers
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1 :
How to differentiate between diabetes and what (differentiate means to tell the difference between...the difference between diabetes and what?)? Diabetes is a disease of the endocrine system where the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot use the insulin it produces. The question about first aid treatments for diabetes is a rather odd question...there is no first aid treatment for diabetes itself. Because it is something that will not go away, can only be managed, there is nothing to be done by a first responder. When the blood sugar gets too high or too low however there are several first aid treatments. Both conditions can lead to coma and eventually death. With a low blood sugar, if the patient is able, first aid means giving them something to eat. Preferably something with some sugar (like juice) and something with carbohydrates to sustain the sugar (like peanut butter or milk). For a high blood sugar the only thing to be done is to get to a hospital so the patient can get insulin. Luck. :)






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Posted by Diabetes Melitus at 9:37 AM
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