Sunday, May 16, 2010

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is marked by low insulin levels. In the liver, low insulin levels lead to increased

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is marked by low insulin levels. In the liver, low insulin levels lead to increased?
glucose due to the lack of conversion into glycogen. In fat and muscle cells, low insulin levels lead to increased glucose levels due to the lack of glucose transporters on the cell surface. Which of the following scenarios provides the best explanation for this? a) Insulin uses different receptors to elicit different responses in liver as compared to muscle/fat cells b) The insulin pathway that activates glucose transporters in muscle/fat cells deactivates glycogen biosynthesis in the liver c) Muscle/fat cells and liver cells have different transducers and responders available to be utilized by the insulin pathway. d) GLUT4 is only found in liver cells e) Liver cells use G-protein coupled receptors while muscle/fat cells use tyrosine kinase receptors
Biology - 1 Answers
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1 :
In the absence of insulin, glucose remains in the blood and causes hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). The liver is unable to metabolize the glucose and turns on the pathways for glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. These pathways then produce additional glucose from glycogen, amino acids and glycerol. So in a nutshell the answer to your question is B.

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